Yeah, what you are asking about would all be covered in first year music theory in college. I'm not recommending you do that but maybe finding a college student who is studying that stuff would be a place to start. It is a fairly easy system once you find
your way into it. You need to be looking at music theory as it is applied to jazz and pop music, where instead of note names you are dealing with numbers. I'm tempted to write out the whole system here, but I won't...
Just remember that most of the more interesting things you can do with pd could never be described in terms of music theory